Composite reinforced oriented strand board

ABSTRACT

The present invention resides in one aspect in a building material that comprises wood and a composite polymeric material that is combined with the wood in a heterogenous admixture. The composite polymeric material incorporates fibers in a polymeric matrix. The fibers can be chopped, continuous, or combinations thereof. In addition, the fibers can be unidirectionally oriented and/or randomly oriented. Suitable fibers for use in the composite polymeric material are glass, polymers, carbon, combinations thereof, and the like. However, the present invention is not limited in this regard as other fibers known to those skilled in the pertinent art to which the invention pertains can be used without departing from the broader aspects of the present invention. Suitable polymeric material for the polymeric matrix include thermoplastic polymers, thermosetting polymers, or a combination of thermosetting and thermoplastic polymers.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.12/581,972, filed Oct. 20, 2009, which claims the benefit of U.S.Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/106,658, filed Oct. 20, 2008,which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to hybrid materials that employ composites and ismore particularly directed to the use of fiber-reinforced polymermaterials in flake or strand form in combination with other materials toproduce composites having controllable mechanical properties.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Oriented strand board (also known as “OSB”) is an engineered woodproduct formed by layers of flakes or strands of wood placed in specificorientations and bound together. It is generally manufactured in matsfrom cross-oriented layers of thin, wood flakes compressed and bondedtogether with wax and resin adhesives. The mats are typically laminatescomprising a plurality of layers built up with the external layersaligned to give the mats strength in desired directions. The number oflayers of each mat is determined partly by the desired thickness of themat and may be limited by the equipment used in the manufacturingprocess.

In a process of manufacturing the mats, the flakes are placed in a presshaving the ability to apply heat to the flakes. The flakes arecompressed and bonded together by heat activation and curing of a resinthat has been coated on the flakes. Individual panels are then cut fromthe mats to produce OSB panels of desired sizes. Also in themanufacturing process, the wood flakes may be treated with variouscompounds to inhibit infestation by insects and/or to discourage thegrowths of molds and fungi. Treatment may be either before the cuttingof the mats into OSB panels or after.

Different qualities in terms of strength and rigidity can be imparted tothe OSB by changes in the manufacturing process. Although finished OSBpanels have no internal gaps or voids and are typically water-resistantdue to the wax and resin adhesives, they generally require additionaltreatment to achieve impermeability to water, particularly when the OSBis for exterior use. Finished OSB panels have properties that aresimilar to plywood, but the panels are generally more uniform inconstruction. The most common uses of OSB are as sheathing in walls,floors, and roofs.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention resides in one aspect in a building material thatcomprises wood and a composite polymeric material that is combined withthe wood in a heterogenous admixture. The composite polymeric materialincorporates fibers in a polymeric matrix. The fibers can be chopped,continuous, or combinations thereof. In addition, the fibers can beunidirectionally oriented and/or randomly oriented. Suitable fibers foruse in the composite polymeric material are glass, polymers, carbon,combinations thereof, and the like. However, the present invention isnot limited in this regard as other fibers known to those skilled in thepertinent art to which the invention pertains can be used withoutdeparting from the broader aspects of the present invention. Suitablepolymeric material for the polymeric matrix include thermoplasticpolymers, thermosetting polymers, or a combination of thermosetting andthermoplastic polymers.

Another aspect of the present invention resides in OSB (oriented strandboard) that can be used as a building material. The OSB is made usingwood flakes and flakes of a composite polymeric material that includes areinforcing material located therein. The composite polymeric materialflakes are mixed with the wood flakes so that the flakes of both aredistributed throughout the OSB. An adhesive may be used to bind the woodflakes together with the flakes of the composite polymeric material. Inaddition, if the composite polymeric material is a thermoplasticmaterial that forms a matrix in which the reinforcing material islocated, and if two or more of the flakes of the composite polymericmaterial are touching one another, the present invention encompasses theuse of heat and pressure to create the OSB, causing the thermoplasticmaterial of the matrix to at least partially melt, thereby causing theflakes of the composite polymeric material to bond to one another andretaining the wood flakes therein.

The flakes of the composite polymeric material used in the OSB of thepresent invention can include thermoplastic materials. However, theflakes of the composite polymeric material can also includethermosetting materials or combinations of thermosetting andthermoplastic materials. In addition, the reinforcing material of thecomposite polymeric material can be chopped fibers, continuous fibers,or a combination of chopped and continuous fibers. The fibers can beoriented relative to one another, they can be random, or a portion ofthe flakes of composite polymeric material can employ oriented fibersand another portion of the flakes of composite polymeric material canemploy randomly oriented fibers.

Another aspect of the present invention resides in an OSB in whichflakes of a composite material are mixed with wood flakes butconcentrated in particular areas of the OSB. For example, the flakes ofcomposite materials can be concentrated along edge portions of the OSBas the addition of the composite material may enhance the fastenerretention properties of the OSB. In addition, the flakes of compositematerial can be concentrated in other areas of the OSB where enhancedfastener retention properties and/or enhanced mechanical properties aredesired.

In yet another aspect, the present invention resides in a method andmachinery for forming composite materials. The machinery is a formingline that facilitates the production of composite mats wherein thecomposite and/or other materials from which the mats are comprised canbe highly oriented, randomly oriented, semi-oriented, or combinationsthereof. The orientation is accomplished using a spreader that spreadsor disperses flakes of the composite and/or or other materials, thespreader being positioned above a forming conveyor. A motorized rotatingtable is positioned on and is movable along the forming conveyer. Duringa forming process, flakes are spread into a forming bin or bunker thatcontains a bottom conveyor. A set of picker rolls sends a mass of flakesto an orienting deck positioned below the picker rolls. During the fallfrom the picker rolls to the orienting deck, the flakes pass through aset of spreader or dissolving rolls. The dissolving rolls break upclumps of flakes to promote a more uniform mat formation. The orientingdeck includes a plurality of shafts upon which are mounted a pluralityof spaced-apart toothed discs. The size and spacing of the discs as wellas the spacing between successive shafts can be modified for differentstrand sizes and geometries. From the orienting deck, the flakesgenerally fall directly onto a forming conveyor. However, the presentinvention also contemplates the addition of a rotating table thattravels along the forming conveyor. In one embodiment, the rotatingtable includes two platforms with a bottom one of the platformsremaining stationary while an upper one of the platforms rotates. Therotation of the upper platform can be either clockwise orcounterclockwise. Furthermore, although the method and machinery isdescribed as operating on flakes, the present invention is not limitedin this regard as the composite material may comprise strands or othermaterials.

In all of the above-described embodiments, the composite flakes can beformed from larger pieces of the composite material that aresubsequently chopped or otherwise cut into the flakes. If the fibersthat are in the composite material are oriented in a particulardirection, the flakes can also be positioned in the OSB so that theflake orientation and thereby the fiber orientation enhances themechanical properties of the OSB.

One advantage of the present invention is that the OSB can utilizecomposite material flakes made from waste, recycled, or scrap compositematerial. The use of thermoplastic resins in particular in forming thecomposite material flakes has several beneficial features including, butnot limited to, near-zero VOC (volatile organic carbon) emissions.

Another advantage of the OSB of the present invention is that the flakesof the composite polymeric material can be employed to enhance themechanical properties of the OSB of the present invention. Theseenhancements can be overall and/or in desired directions.

Still another advantage of the OSB of the present invention is that theflakes of composite polymeric material can be concentrated in particularareas to enhance the retention of fasteners, such as, but not limitedto, screws and nails, thereby making the OSB less likely to dislodgefrom a structure in severe weather.

The advantages set forth above are illustrative only and should not beconsidered an exhaustive list, as other advantages will be evident tothose skilled in the pertinent art to which the present inventionpertains

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a perspective schematic view of an oriented strand board.

FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of a flake of composite polymericmaterial having continuous, unidirectionally oriented fibers.

FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of an irregularly-shaped flake ofcomposite polymeric material having chopped randomly oriented fibers.

FIG. 4 is a perspective schematic view of a laminate flake of compositepolymeric material.

FIG. 5 schematically illustrates flakes of composite polymeric materialconcentrated around the periphery of an oriented strand board.

FIG. 6 schematically illustrates flakes of composite polymeric materialconcentrated in rows on an oriented strand board.

FIG. 7 is a schematic perspective view of a forming line.

FIG. 8 is a schematic side view of the forming line of FIG. 7.

FIG. 9 is a schematic front view of the forming line of FIG. 7.

FIG. 10 is a schematic perspective view of a rotating table that formspart of the forming line of FIG. 7.

FIG. 11 is a schematic illustration of aligned flakes.

FIG. 12 is a schematic illustration of randomly oriented flakes.

FIG. 13 is a graphical representation of a flake orientation plot.

FIG. 14 is another graphical representation of a flake orientation plot.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The oriented strand board of the present invention is a type of buildingmaterial comprising wood and one or more polymers mixed with the wood.As shown in FIG. 1, one embodiment of an oriented strand board, inaccordance with the present invention and hereinafter referred to as“OSB,” is generally designated by the reference number 10. Inparticular, the OSB 10 comprises a wood component 12 and a compositepolymeric material 14 that contains reinforcing fibers in a polymericmatrix. In a process of manufacturing the OSB 10, the wood component 12is mixed with the composite polymeric material 14 to form a heterogenousadmixture, which is molded, pressed, or otherwise formed into a desiredshape defining the OSB 10. Although the embodiments described below arereferred to as “oriented strand board,” it should be understood by thoseof skill in the art that such a term can be used interchangeably withthe term “oriented strand lumber.”

The composite polymeric material 14 includes a polymeric matrix intowhich the reinforcing structure is incorporated. The polymeric matrixcan be a thermosetting polymer, a thermoplastic polymer, or anycombination thereof. Any combination of two or more matrices may bearranged as a laminate structure. When a laminate is defined, differentlayers of the laminate can include thermosetting polymers and/orthermoplastic polymers.

In embodiments in which the composite polymeric material 14 isthermoplastic, the thermoplastic may be a high molecular weightthermoplastic polymer, including but not limited to, polypropylene,polyethylene, nylon, PEI (polyetherimide) and copolymers, morepreferably, polypropylene and polyethylene. Thermoplastic loading byweight can vary widely depending on physical property requirements ofthe intended use of the product or OSB 10.

The reinforcing structure of the composite polymeric material 14comprises fibers, which can be long and/or short, longitudinallyoriented, randomly oriented, continuous, or a combination thereof whencombined with the polymeric matrix. A sheet, fragment, laminate, or plyof composite polymeric material may be characterized as “unidirectional”in reference to the principally unidirectional orientation of the fiberstherein. The fibers may, in the alternative, be randomly oriented.Longer fibers may be chopped to result in shorter fibers. The presentinvention is not limited to the use of fibers as the reinforcingstructure, however, as pellets, beads, rods, combinations thereof, andthe like may alternatively or additionally be used.

In one exemplary method of manufacturing the composite polymericmaterial 14 for use in the OSB 10, the fibers are oriented in thedesired manner and combined with the polymeric material of the matrix.In any method of manufacturing the composite polymeric material 14, thefibers are either bound by the addition of a resin in the manufacturingmethod or bound through the use of partially-cured matrix resins. Thepresent invention is not limited to the manufacture of the compositepolymeric material 14 in these manners, however, as other methods offorming the material are within the scope of the present invention. Oncethe composite polymeric material 14 is formed as having the matrix andthe fibers therein, the composite polymeric material may be in sheet,laminate, or other form. When in sheet form, the sheet may be acontinuous roll.

If the composite polymeric material 14 is used without having been putto any other previous use, the composite polymeric material 14 is termed“virgin” or “first generation” material. However, the compositepolymeric material 14 for use in this invention may include“second-generation” material, i.e., scrap or waste material, or recycledcomposite material. The composite polymeric material 14 may be derivedfrom a source comprising the virgin material and/or the secondgeneration material. In any case, the composite polymeric material 14 isa source material from which the OSB 10 is manufactured.

In one form, the composite polymeric material 14 for use in the OSB 10of the present invention is in the form of flakes derived from thesource material being in sheet, laminate, or other form. In providingthe composite polymeric material 14 as flakes, the sheet or laminate ischopped, cut, ground, or otherwise divided into suitably sized pieces.The source material may be divided into flakes that may have variouslengths, e.g., about 1 to about 6 inches (in.) (about 2.5 to about 15.25centimeters (cm)) long, and of various widths, e.g., about ¼ to about 3in. (about 0.6 to about 7.6 cm) wide. However, the present invention isnot limited in this regard as longer and/or narrower divisions of thesource material (e.g., into strands, pellets, beads, or the like) arewithin the scope of the present invention. The configuration of thesource material into flakes as described herein facilitates the easy andconvenient packaging, storage, and transport of the composite polymericmaterial 14 for use in the OSB 10.

The flakes used in the OSB 10 of the present invention can includeflakes made exclusively from the same material or the flakes can be madefrom different composite materials. Flakes of different compositematerial can include, but are not limited to, materials having differentpolymer matrices, materials having different fibers, materials havingdifferently oriented fibers, and combinations thereof. The flakes ofcomposite polymeric material 14 can also be formed from laminates wherethe plies forming each layer of the laminate are formed of the same or adifferent material and may be oriented differently relative to oneanother.

As shown in FIG. 2, one embodiment of a flake is designated generally bythe reference number 44. The flake 44 of the composite polymericmaterial 14 includes a polymeric matrix 22 and a plurality oflongitudinally aligned fibers 24 located within the polymeric matrix.The flake 44 of the composite polymeric material 14 is shown in FIG. 2as being rectangular; however, the present invention is not limited inthis regard as the flake of composite polymeric material 14 can be anyshape without departing from the broader aspects of the presentinvention. For example and as shown in FIG. 3, the flake 44 can beirregularly shaped. In addition, the fibers 24 forming part of theirregularly-shaped flake 44 are chopped and randomly oriented. In eitherthe rectangularly-shaped flake 44 or the irregularly-shaped flake 44,the polymeric matrix material 22 is preferably a thermoplastic polymer.However, the present invention is not limited in this regard asthermosetting polymers can also comprise the matrix material.

Referring to FIG. 4, another embodiment of the flake 44 of compositepolymeric material 14 is formed from a laminate of layers of compositematerial 26 and 28. In the illustrated embodiment, each of the layers 26and 28 include fibers 24 that are substantially continuous across thesurface of each of the layers and are oriented to be substantiallyparallel. The fibers 24 in one of the layers 26 are also orientedsubstantially orthogonally to the fibers in the adjacent layer 28.However, the present invention is not limited in this regard as thefibers 24 in each layer can be oriented at any angle relative to oneanother. In addition, the fibers 24 in each layer can be of differentmaterial and can also be chopped, continuous, aligned, randomlyoriented, and combinations thereof. While the illustrated embodiment ofthe flake of composite polymeric material 14 is shown having two layers,the present invention is not limited in this regard as any practicalnumber of layers of composite polymeric material may comprise the flakewithout departing from the broader aspects of the present invention.

In use, the above-described flakes 44 form a constituent in the OSB 10.The flakes 44 of composite polymeric material 14 are mixed with the woodcomponent 12 (which may also be in flake form) and are then processedinto the form of the OSB 10. An adhesive may or may not be used to bindthe wood component 12 with the composite polymeric material 14. Theflakes 44 can be positioned within the OSB so that the continuous fiberstherein are aligned relative to one another in a particular direction.By aligning the fibers in a particular direction, the OSB 10 may bestrengthened in a desired direction.

As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the flakes 44 can also be concentrated incertain areas of the OSB 10 such as along the peripheral edges, as shownin FIG. 5. This can enhance the capability of the OSB 10 to betterretain a fastener (not shown), such as, but not limited to a screw or anail. Alternatively, and as shown in FIG. 6, the flakes 44 can beconcentrated in rows separated by distances d along the OSB 10 in areaswhere fasteners would normally be placed, such as in strips about 16inches apart in panels of OSB so as to coincide with the standardbuilding practice of placing studs and joists 16 inches apart inbuilding construction. Still further, in embodiments in which the OSB 10is made up of a plurality of laminates, the flakes 44 can beconcentrated in layers of the OSB proximate the faces of the OSB. Whilethe concentration of composite flakes has been shown and described asbeing along peripheral edges or in rows within the OSB 10, the presentinvention is not limited in this regard as the concentration ofcomposite flakes can be located anywhere within the OSB withoutdeparting from the broader aspects of the present invention. Moreover,while the flakes 44 of composite polymeric material 14 have been shownin the illustrated embodiment as a layer, this is for illustration andease of understanding only. As shown, the flakes 44 comprising thecomposite polymeric material 14 and the wood component 12 (e.g., also inflake form) are mixed with one another.

Referring now to FIGS. 1-6, in constructing the OSB 10, the compositepolymeric material 14 may comprise one or more of any of various typesof fibers. Exemplary fibers include, but are not limited to, E-glassfibers and S-glass fibers. E-glass is a low alkali borosilicate glasswith electrical and mechanical properties and chemical resistance thatis suitable for use in numerous applications including OSB. This type ofglass is the most widely used in fibers for reinforcing plastics.

S-glass is a magnesia-alumina-silicate glass that can be used aerospaceapplications where high tensile strength is desired. S-glass isgenerally higher in strength than E-glass and is generally a higher costmaterial relative to E-glass. Both E-glass and S-glass are preferredfibers in this invention.

E-glass fiber may be incorporated in the composite in a wide range offiber weights and thermoplastic polymer matrix material. The E-glass mayrange from about 10 to about 40 ounces per square yard (oz./sq. yd.),more preferably 19 to 30 and most preferably 21.4 to 28.4 oz./sq. yd. ofreinforcement.

The quantity of S-glass or E-glass fiber in a composite polymericmaterial 14 of the present invention may optionally accommodate about 40to about 90 weight percent (wt %) thermoplastic matrix, more preferablyabout 50 to about 85 wt % and most preferably, about 60 to about 80 wt %thermoplastic matrix in the ply, based on the combined weight ofthermoplastic matrix plus fiber.

Other fibers may also be incorporated, optionally in combination withE-glass and/or S-glass. Such other fibers include ECR, A and C glass, aswell as other glass fibers, fibers formed from quartz, magnesiaalumuninosilicate, non-alkaline aluminoborosilicate, soda borosilicate,soda silicate, soda lime-aluminosilicate, lead silicate, non-alkalinelead boroalumina, non-alkaline barium boroalumina, non-alkaline zincboroalumina, non-alkaline iron aluminosilicate, cadmium borate, aluminafibers, asbestos, boron, silicone carbide, graphite and carbon such asthose derived from the carbonization of polyethylene, polyvinylalcohol,saran, aramid, polyamide, polybenzimidazole, polyoxadiazole,polyphenylene, PPR, petroleum and coal pitches (isotropic), mesophasepitch, cellulose and polyacrylonitrile, ceramic fibers, and metal fiberssuch as for example steel, aluminum metal alloys, and the like.

A preferred organic polymer fiber for use in the OSB 10 is formed froman aramid available under the tradename Kevlar from Du Pont. This aramidcomprises high performance, bundled fibers having tensile strengthsuitable for use in the OSB 10. Other preferred high performance,unidirectional fiber bundles generally have a tensile strength greaterthan 7 grams per denier. These bundled high-performance fibers may bemore preferably any one of, or a combination of, aramid, extended chainultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), poly[p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole] (PBO), and poly[diimidazo pyridinylene(dihydroxy) phenylene] (M5). The use of these very high tensile strengthmaterials is also particularly useful for making composite ballisticarmor panels and similar applications requiring very high ballisticproperties.

Still other fiber types known to those skilled in the particular art towhich the present invention pertains can be substituted withoutdeparting from the broader aspects of the present invention. Forexample, other aramid fibers that can be used include those marketedunder the trade names Twaron, and Technora; basalt, carbon fibers suchas those marketed under the trade names Toray, Fortafil and Zoltek;Liquid Crystal Polymer (LCP), such as, but not limited to LCP marketedunder the trade name Vectran. Based on the foregoing, the presentinvention contemplates the use of organic, inorganic, and metallicfibers either alone or in combination.

As shown in FIGS. 7-10, a machine or forming line generally designatedby the reference number 40 is used to produce mats or panels in whichthe flakes 44 are randomly oriented for use in the OSB 10 of the presentinvention. The forming line 40 includes a forming bin 42 into which theflakes 44 are positioned. A conveyor 46 is located at the bottom of theforming bin 42. During operation, the conveyor 46 transports the flakes44 in the forming bin 42 to a plurality of picker rolls 48 rotatablymounted to walls 50 that at least in part define the forming bin. As theconveyor 46 moves the flakes 44, the picker rolls 48 send asubstantially uniform mass of flakes 44 toward an orienting deckgenerally designated by the reference number 52. As the flakes 44 falltoward the orienting deck 52, they pass through a number of spreader ordissolver rolls 54 rotatably mounted to a frame 56 forming part of theforming line 40. The dissolver rolls 54 break apart clumps of flakes 44so that a more uniform mat is formed.

The orienting deck 52 comprises a plurality of shafts 58 rotatablymounted to the frame 56 upon which are mounted a plurality of spacedapart toothed discs 60. The size and spacing of the toothed discs 60, aswell as the spacing of the shafts 58 can be changed for different strandsizes and geometries. The flakes 44 then fall onto a rotating (orrotatable) table, generally designated by the reference number 62. Therotating table 62 is positioned on a forming conveyor 64 which moves thetable back and forth in the directions indicated by the arrows 66.

Referring to FIG. 10, the rotating table 62 includes an upper rotatableplatform 70 and a lower stationary platform 72. The upper platform 70 isrotatable either clockwise or counterclockwise as indicated by thearrows 74. A motor and gearbox 76 rotate the upper platform 70 inresponse to commands issued from a PLC (programmable logic controller)61 or other controller. A set of support wheels 78 are mounted along theperiphery of the lower platform 72 and rotatably support the upperplatform 70. During operation, if the rotating table 62 is not rotating,the flakes 44 will be oriented substantially uniformly as shown in FIG.11. When the rotating table 62 rotates, the flakes 44 will be orientedin a substantially random fashion as shown in FIG. 12. Desired degreesof orientation, between that shown in FIG. 11 and that shown in FIG. 12can be produced by controlling the degree of rotation of the rotatingtable 62.

In addition, the upper platform 70 can move generally rectilinearly backand forth along the conveyor 46. When the rotating table 62 is turnedoff so that it does not rotate, the forming line 40 produces flakes orstrands that are substantially uniformly oriented. When the rotatingtable 62 rotates, the flakes or strands are laid down in a randomfashion. A semi oriented mat can also be produced in any degree rangethrough control of rotation of the rotating table 62.

The flakes 44 may be combined and processed with wood flakes as desired.In particular, the flakes 44 may be mixed with the wood flakes in theforming bin 42 and dropped with the wood flakes onto the rotating table62, or the flakes 44 can be dropped onto wood flakes on the rotating (orstationary) table. In either case, the dropped flakes 44 are pressedunder pressure and heat into a mat or other panel-type product.

The forming line 40 can be used to form mats wherein the flakes,strands, or other divisions of material used to form the OSB 10 are allwood, all fiber reinforced polymer composite, or combinations thereof.

The orientation of the fibers via the rotating table 62 allows for thecontrol of the mechanical properties of the finished flake, which inturn allows for the control of the mechanical properties of the OSB 10into which the flake is incorporated. For example, as mechanicalproperties such as stiffness and bending strength are correlated withthe particular orientations of a fiber in a matrix in a compositematerial, these properties can be controlled by programming the rotatingtable 62. Mats produced can have completely random strand orientation toprovide quasi-isotropic transverse properties, or they may have highlyaligned strand orientation to give controlled anisotropic properties.The strand orientation may be constant throughout the thickness of themat produced, or it may have layers with different strand orientationsto further affect the mechanical properties as well as physicalproperties. Once the mat is formed, it can be cut, pressed, or otherwiseformed into the OSB 10 of desired shape.

Example

An experiment was conducted to (1) design and build a rotating formingtable that could be used with other OSB forming equipment, (2) determinethe degree of flake orientation (or randomness) using the rotatingforming table and other OSB forming equipment for multiple runs, and (3)press boards measuring 7/16 in. thick×36 in.×36 in. made with eitherrandom or oriented flakes, the flakes comprisingpolypropylene/fiberglass measuring 0.010 in.×1.5 in.×4 in. Two panelswere made with randomly oriented flakes (the receiving table was rotatedduring layup), and one panel was made with aligned flakes (the receivingtable was stationary during layup). The degree of flake alignment wasmeasured using digital image analysis. Three specimens nominallymeasuring 7/16 in. thick×3 in.×12.5 in. were cut from each panel in the0°, 45° and 90° orientation relative to the machine direction. Eachspecimen was tested in flexure (10.5 in. span).

Theoretically, all specimens from the randomly oriented panels shouldhave had equal (quasi-isotropic) properties as related to the modulus ofrupture (MOR, or bending strength) and to the modulus of elasticity(MOE, or bending stiffness). In contrast, the panels made with orientedflakes relative to the machine direction (0°) should have had thehighest properties in the 0° specimens; lower in the 45° specimens, andlowest in the 90° specimens. Summary statistics are shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1 Results summary from flexural testing TRT Orientation MOR (psi)MOE (psi) Density (pcf) Actual data Actual data Group (degrees) n AveStddev COV Ave Stddev COV Ave COV PA +/− 10 PA +/− 20 Random #11 0 317,472 620 3.5 1,398,862 19,802 1.4 99.0 0.2 10.8 20.6 45 3 18,058 1,7699.8 1,347,932 83,437 6.2 98.1 1.8 90 3 18,647 4,054 21.7 1,332,775189,418 14.2 98.0 0.6 Random #12 0 3 15,650 1,978 12.6 1,191,285 223,05718.7 97.2 0.8 16.6 32.0 45 3 16,439 1,439 8.8 1,363,045 173,708 12.797.4 1.0 90 3 18,095 1,854 10.2 1,447,538 129,292 8.9 97.2 0.7 Oriented#13 0 3 24,983 1,481 5.9 2,539,866 111,739 4.4 97.2 1.1 23.2 43.5 45 312,776 5,826 45.6 982,188 321,349 32.7 96.5 1.2 90 3 8,344 2,696 32.3435,189 182,332 41.9 97.8 1.5

As expected, the MOR and MOE for the randomly oriented panels (#11 and#12) were all similar regardless of flake orientation relative to themachine direction while those from the oriented panel (#13) variedsignificantly based on flake orientation (with 0° being highest and 90°being lowest). Also, as can be seen in the last two columns of Table 1,the percent alignment (PA) indicating the percentage of flakes that fallwithin both +/−10° and +/−20° of the mean orientation angle is shown.Completely random orientation is 11% and 22% for the +/−10° and +/−20°measures, respectively. Panel #11 and #12 were significantly randomizedwhile #13 had a clear orientation in the machine direction (the degreeof orientation in #13 could be significantly increased by decreasing thefree fall distance of the flakes, namely, the distance from the bottomof the orienting discs to the top of the mat). Examples of the imageanalysis flake orientation plots produced for each panel are shown inFIGS. 13 and 14. Note that the randomly oriented mat (FIG. 13) shows anequal distribution of flake angles, while the aligned panel clearly hasa majority of flakes aligned along the 0° axis.

The terms “first,” “second,” and the like, herein do not denote anyorder, quantity, or importance, but rather are used to distinguish oneelement from another. In addition, the terms “a” and “an” herein do notdenote a limitation of quantity, but rather denote the presence of atleast one of the referenced item.

Although this invention has been shown and described with respect to thedetailed embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those of skill inthe art that various changes may be made and equivalents may besubstituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of theinvention. In addition, modifications may be made to adapt a particularsituation or material to the teachings of the invention withoutdeparting from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intendedthat the invention not be limited to the particular embodimentsdisclosed in the above detailed description, but that the invention willinclude all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.

1. A composite building material, comprising: wood; and a compositepolymeric material mixed with the wood, the composite polymeric materialcomprising a polymer matrix and fibers incorporated therein; wherein thewood and the composite polymeric material are combined in a heterogenousadmixture.
 2. The composite building material of claim 1, furthercomprising an adhesive used to bind the wood and the composite polymericmaterial.
 3. The composite building material of claim 1, wherein thecomposite polymeric material is selected from the group consisting ofthermoplastic polymers, thermosetting polymers, and combinations of theforegoing.
 4. The composite building material of claim 3, wherein thefibers are selected from the group consisting of glass, polymers,carbon, and combinations of the foregoing.
 5. The composite buildingmaterial of claim 1, wherein the wood and the composite polymericmaterial are each in the form of flakes.
 6. The composite buildingmaterial of claim 1, wherein the composite polymeric material comprisesa laminate of layers, each layer comprising fibers selected from thegroup consisting of glass, polymers, carbon, and combinations of theforegoing.
 7. The composite building material of claim 6, wherein thefibers in each layer are aligned relative to other fibers in the samelayer.
 8. The composite building material of claim 6, wherein the fibersin each layer are randomly arranged relative to other fibers in the samelayer.
 9. An article of oriented strand board, comprising: a matrix ofcomposite polymeric material, the composite polymeric material having areinforcing material located therein; and wood flakes distributedthroughout the matrix of composite polymeric material; wherein the woodflakes are locked within the matrix of composite polymeric material. 10.The article of oriented strand board of claim 9, wherein the compositepolymeric material comprises a thermoplastic material.
 11. The articleof oriented strand board of claim 10, wherein the thermoplastic materialat least partially melts to form the matrix of composite polymericmaterial.
 12. The article of oriented strand board of claim 9, whereinthe composite polymeric material comprises a thermosetting material. 13.The article of oriented strand board of claim 9, wherein the reinforcingmaterial in the composite polymeric material comprises one or morefibers.
 14. The article of oriented strand board of claim 13, whereinthe fibers comprise a material selected from the group of materialsconsisting of S-glass, E-glass, ECR, A-glass, C-glass, fibers formedfrom quartz, magnesia alumuninosilicate, non-alkalinealuminoborosilicate, soda borosilicate, soda silicate, sodalime-aluminosilicate, lead silicate, non-alkaline lead boroalumina,non-alkaline barium boroalumina, non-alkaline zinc boroalumina,non-alkaline iron aluminosilicate, cadmium borate, alumina fibers,asbestos, boron, silicone carbide, graphite and carbon such as thosederived from the carbonization of polyethylene, polyvinylalcohol, saran,aramid, polyamide, polybenzimidazole, polyoxadiazole, polyphenylene,PPR, petroleum and coal pitches (isotropic), mesophase pitch, celluloseand polyacrylonitrile, ceramic fibers, and metal fibers.
 15. The articleof oriented strand board of claim 13, wherein the one or more fiberscomprises a plurality of fibers that are substantially aligned relativeto each other.
 16. The article of oriented strand board of claim 13,wherein the one or more fibers comprises a plurality of fibers randomlyarranged.
 17. The article of oriented strand board of claim 13, whereinthe one or more fibers comprises a plurality of fibers that are acombination of aligned and randomly arranged.
 17. The article oforiented strand board of claim 13, wherein the one or more fibers is onefiber that is substantially continuous throughout the compositepolymeric material.
 18. An oriented strand board, comprising: woodflakes; and flakes of a composite material, the composite materialcomprising a reinforcing material bound in a polymeric matrix; whereinthe flakes of the composite material are located in a portion of theoriented strand board so as to provide areas of concentrated compositematerial relative to areas of wood flakes.
 19. The oriented strand boardof claim 18, wherein the composite material comprises a polymer selectedfrom the group consisting of thermoplastic polymers, thermosettingpolymers, and combinations of the foregoing; and wherein the reinforcingmaterial comprises a fiber selected from the group of materialsconsisting of S-glass, E-glass, ECR, A-glass, C-glass, fibers formedfrom quartz, magnesia alumuninosilicate, non-alkalinealuminoborosilicate, soda borosilicate, soda silicate, sodalime-aluminosilicate, lead silicate, non-alkaline lead boroalumina,non-alkaline barium boroalumina, non-alkaline zinc boroalumina,non-alkaline iron aluminosilicate, cadmium borate, alumina fibers,asbestos, boron, silicone carbide, graphite and carbon such as thosederived from the carbonization of polyethylene, polyvinylalcohol, saran,aramid, polyamide, polybenzimidazole, polyoxadiazole, polyphenylene,PPR, petroleum and coal pitches (isotropic), mesophase pitch, celluloseand polyacrylonitrile, ceramic fibers, and metal fibers.
 20. Theoriented strand board of claim 18, wherein the flakes of compositematerial are concentrated along at least one edge of the oriented strandboard.
 21. The oriented strand board of claim 18, wherein the flakes ofcomposite material are concentrated in rows along a length of a panel ofthe oriented strand board.
 22. The oriented strand board of claim 18,wherein the flakes of composite material are concentrated in a layer ata face of the oriented strand board.
 23. A method of forming an OSB, themethod comprising the steps of: positioning flakes of a compositepolymeric material in a bin; transporting the flakes from the bin to apicker roll using a conveyor; transporting a substantially uniform massof the flakes from the picker roll to an orienting deck, the orientingdeck comprising a plurality of spaced apart discs rotatably mounted onshafts; breaking apart clumps of the flakes as the flakes aretransported from the picker roll to the orienting deck; and causingflakes to fall from the orienting deck to a table under the orientingdeck.
 24. The method of claim 23, further comprising rotating the tableto orient the flakes falling from the orienting deck.
 25. The method ofclaim 24, further comprising controlling the rotating of the table usinga programmable logic controller.
 26. The method of claim 23, furthercomprising moving the table in a rectilinear direction to orient theflakes falling from the orienting deck.
 27. The method of claim 26,further comprising rotating the table.
 28. The method of claim 26,wherein the step of moving the table in the rectilinear directioncomprises moving the table on a conveyor.
 29. The method of claim 23,further comprising pressing the flakes using heat and pressure to formthe OSB.
 30. A machine for forming an OSB, the machine comprising: aforming bin into which flakes of one or more of a composite polymericmaterial and a wood material are received; a conveyor located in abottom of the forming bin; a plurality of picker rolls located adjacentto the conveyor and configured to receive flakes from the conveyor; aplurality of spreader rolls located adjacent to the picker rolls andconfigured to receive flakes from the picker rolls; a plurality ofspaced apart toothed discs rotatably mounted on shafts and locatedadjacent to the spreader rolls, the spaced apart toothed discs beingconfigured to receive flakes from the spreader rolls; a rotatable tablelocated under the plurality of spaced apart toothed discs, the rotatabletable being configured to receive flakes from the toothed discs; whereinthe rotatable table is mounted on a conveyor and is both rotatablymovable and rectilinearly movable to control an orientation of flakesreceived from the spaced apart toothed discs.
 31. The machine of claim30, further comprising a controller for controlling movement of therotatable table.
 32. The machine of claim 30, wherein spacing betweenthe discs of the plurality of spaced apart toothed discs can beadjusted.